What are the classifications of speakers?
2017-12-22
According to the use: floorstanding speakers, active speakers, surround speakers, bookshelf speakers, monitor speakers. According to the working frequency: subwoofer, multi-way speaker, 2-way speaker, 3-way speaker. According to the internal structure: sealed speaker, inverted speaker, empty cone speaker, symmetrical drive speaker, labyrinth speaker, dumbbell speaker. The following is an introduction to commonly used speakers:
(1) Sealed speaker structure: It is composed of cabinets, speakers, and sound-absorbing materials. The back of the speaker is sealed, and there is a speaker port in the front, which installs the speaker in a fully sealed cabinet, and the sound of the cabinet is basically sealed, separating the sound waves in front and behind the speaker.
Features: It has a good low-frequency response, deep bass reproduction, and because the speaker is fully enclosed (except for the speaker), it prevents the phenomenon of short circuit. However, the air in this kind of speaker has a damping effect, which affects the resonance frequency and figure of merit of the speaker. And because of the sound-absorbing material in the speaker, part of the sound energy is consumed, so the sensitivity of the sealed speaker is low.
(2) Phase-inverted speaker structure: the structure is basically the same as that of the closed speaker, but a phase-down hole is opened on the panel of the speaker, and a phase-down tube is installed in the box, and the function of the phase-down hole is to diffract the sound wave radiated by the speaker through the phase-down tube, and the sound wave in front of the speaker is superimposed, so as to improve the frequency characteristics and make the low frequency more abundant, and the sensitivity of the low frequency band can be increased by 5dB.
Features: It has the advantages of high sensitivity and stable performance. At the same time, it can also use the resonance effect of the cabinet and the pipe to expand the low frequency, enhance the low frequency effect, and improve the amplitude distortion of the lower low frequency limit. The disadvantage of this speaker is that the instantaneous characteristics are not as good as that of sealed speakers.
(3) Empty paper cone speaker structure: The empty paper cone speaker is a speaker developed on the basis of the inverted speaker. A loudspeaker and an empty paper cone are installed in the speaker, and the empty paper cone is installed in the position of the inverted hole of the inverted speaker.
Features: It is basically the same as the inverted speaker, due to the effect of the empty paper cone, the sensitivity of this kind of speaker is higher.
(4) Labyrinth speaker structure: It can be seen from the diagram that its structure is more complex, and the volume is large, and there are many sound-absorbing partitions inside.
Features: good frequency characteristics, more abundant low frequencies, due to the structure of the partition, the radiation of the sound wave of the speaker is more enhanced. Due to the high cost, there are not many users.
(5) Dumbbell speaker structure: It is composed of two woofers and one tweeter, two woofers are installed in the upper and lower positions, and the tweeter is installed in the middle of the two woofers.
When the speaker is working, the amplitude and phase of the two woofers are exactly the same, so that the position of the sound source will be positioned on the symmetry point of the two woofers, that is, the position of the tweeter. This connection avoids the separation of various frequency sources and allows the speaker to withstand large input power.
(6) Symmetrical driven speaker structure: it is to install two speakers together on an overlap, when the speaker is working, the two speakers vibrate periodically, so that the air around the speaker strengthens the vibration, so that the same reproduction effect as the large-volume speaker can be obtained, so that the bass is pure and thick.
(7) Active speaker refers to a kind of speaker with a power amplification circuit inside the speaker, that is, it can directly input audio signals, which can make the speaker work normally This kind of speaker is suitable for WALKMAN (Walkman) and multimedia computer as a sound playback system.
(8) The floorstanding speaker is a large speaker, which has two woofers and a tweeter, or a woofer to form a crossover. It is suitable for use in large and large occasions.
(9) 2-way speaker, there is a woofer and a tweeter in the box, and the corresponding signal is sent to each speaker for replay through the frequency division circuit during operation. This speaker is characterized by a layered sound, which is suitable for use in small rooms.
(10) Subwoofer: There is only one woofer in the box, which is mainly used to replay low-frequency signals.
(11) Surround speaker: The cabinet is composed of a woofer with a diameter of 130~150mm and a soft dome tweeter. It is mainly used for surround sound replay.
(12) stereo speaker: It is a speaker used for each channel of the audio system, and the speaker used in each channel is a kind of speaker described above, and the requirement is that the two channels should be completely symmetrical. For example, with two 2-way speakers or two 3-way speakers.
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